Legal: Contracts: Breach & Remedies
The Interpreter Academy USA
Advancing the Evolution of Professional Interpretation
Part I: Master Resource Index (Contract Law)
CONTRACT DOCTRINE & REMEDIES TERMINOLOGY
| English Source | Spanish Equivalent | Academy Distinction |
|---|---|---|
| Binding Agreement | Acuerdo vinculante / Contrato obligatorio | A formal agreement that is legally enforceable. |
| Voidable under duress | Anulable por coacción | Distinguishes between anulable (can be canceled) and nulo (invalid from the start). |
| Material Breach | Incumplimiento esencial / sustancial | A failure to perform that is significant enough to excuse the other party's performance. |
| Specific Performance | Cumplimiento específico | An equitable remedy requiring a party to perform the specific act promised. |
| Liquidated Damages | Daños y perjuicios liquidados | A pre-determined amount of money to be paid if a party breaches. |
Part II: Legal Bar Exam Practice Test
The Fact Pattern
"The parties entered into a binding agreement for the sale of real property. The buyer later alleged that the contract was voidable due to duress and undue influence exerted by the seller during negotiations. The seller filed a counterclaim seeking specific performance, arguing that the buyer committed a material breach by failing to secure financing. In the alternative, the seller seeks liquidated damages as stipulated in the contract's indemnity clause."
1. How should the interpreter render 'Voidable' in a contract law setting?
A) Nulo de pleno derecho
B) Anulable
C) Vigente
D) Ilegal
2. In the context of remedies, what is 'Specific Performance'?
A) Una actuación teatral
B) Cumplimiento específico (ejecución forzosa del contrato)
C) Una multa económica
D) Una fianza de cumplimiento
3. The seller seeks 'Liquidated Damages.' Select the correct interpretation:
A) Daños por inundación.
B) Daños y perjuicios liquidados (cuantía establecida).
C) Daños materiales al edificio.
D) Pérdida total de la inversión.
Academy Answer Key & Analysis
Q1: B. Anulable. A voidable contract is valid until one party takes steps to set it aside.
Q2: B. Cumplimiento específico. This is an equitable remedy where the court orders the party to fulfill their specific contractual obligation.
Q3: B. Daños y perjuicios liquidados. These are damages whose amount the parties agreed upon during the formation of the contract.